body {
  background-color: #fafbf4;
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #4c4c4c;
}

.navbar-brand {
  height: auto;
}

.container {
  max-width: 1260px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  background-color: #f5f5f5;
  padding-top: 15px;
}

.pkp_block {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.pkp_page_index .journal-description {
  margin: 1em 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f1f1;
}

section.cmp_announcements.media {
  margin-top: 0;
}

nav.cmp_breadcrumbs.cmp_breadcrumbs_announcement ol li {
  display: inline;
}

nav.cmp_breadcrumbs.cmp_breadcrumbs_announcement ol {
  background: whitesmoke;
  padding: 8px 8px 8px 10px;
  color: #585858;
}

nav.cmp_breadcrumbs.cmp_breadcrumbs_announcement ol .separator {
  color: #e2d7d7;
}

#customblock-Announcement,
#customblock-announcement {
  display: none;
}

.pkp_page_index #customblock-Announcement,
.pkp_page_index #customblock-announcement {
  display: block;
}

.navbar-default,
.header_view {
  border: none;
  border-color: transparent;
}

header .container {
  background: white;
  box-shadow: 0px 1px 18px -10px rgb(39 39 136 / 75%);
  border-right: 1px solid white;
  border-left: 1px solid white;
}

.pkp_structure_content.container {
  margin-top: -20px;
  padding-bottom: 20px;
  box-shadow: 0px 1px 18px -10px rgb(39 39 136 / 75%);
  border: 1px solid white;
}

.navbar-default,
.header_view {
  /* background-color: #f8f8f8; */
  /* border-color: #e7e7e7; */
  background-color: transparent;
}

div.issn {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: 3rem;
  padding-top: 36px;
  text-align: right;
}

div.issn span {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.slick-slide {
  height: auto !important;
}

.journal_logo {
  padding: 0 0 0 15px;
  margin-top: -10px;
}

.container.main_menu {
  padding: 0 5px;
  box-shadow: 0px 7px 5px -6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}

.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a {
  color: white;
}

.container.main_menu #nav-menu .nav > li > a:hover {
  color: rgb(182, 181, 181);
}

.navbar-default .navbar-collapse {
  padding: 0;
  font-size: 1.09em;
}

.navbar-default .navbar-collapse em {
  margin-right: 10px;
}

h1,
.h1,
h2,
.h2,
h3,
.h3 {
  margin-top: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

h1 {
  font-size: 1.7em;
}

h2,
.h2 {
  font-size: 1.6em;
}

.section h2 {
  font-size: 1.3em;
}

h3,
h4,
.h4 {
  font-size: 1.2em;
}

.page-header {
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.page-header h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.text-grey {
  color: rgb(110, 110, 110);
}

.font-italic {
  font-style: italic;
}

.border-bottom {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ececec;
}

.media-heading h1,
.media-heading h2,
.media-heading h3,
.media-heading h4,
.media-heading h5,
.media-heading h6,
h1.media-heading,
h2.media-heading,
h3.media-heading,
h4.media-heading,
h5.media-heading,
h6.media-heading {
  font-size: 1.1em;
}

main.pkp_structure_main {
  background: white;
  padding: 10px;
}

.journal-description {
  text-align: justify;
}

aside#right {
  padding-right: 0 !important;
}

aside#left {
  padding-left: 0 !important;
}

.navbar-default .navbar-nav > .open > a,
.navbar-default .navbar-nav > li > a:hover {
  background-color: transparent !important;
}

.panel,
.pkp_block {
  border-radius: 0;
  border: 0;
  border: 1px solid #fff;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.pkp_block .content span.title {
  margin: -5px -5px 0px -5px;
}

.homepage-image img {
  box-shadow: 3px 5px 11px -9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}

/* sidebar */
.pkp_block .content p span.title {
  padding-left: 15px;
  /* text-align: left; */
}

.pkp_block.block_custom h2.title {
  margin: -5px -5px 20px;
}

.pkp_block h4 {
  padding-left: 8px;
}

.panel-body,
.pkp_block .content {
  padding: 6px;
  font-size: 0.98em;
  /* text-shadow: 3px 1px #f7f7f7; */
}

.pkp_block h2 {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.pkp_block h2.title,
.pkp_block .content span.title,
.pkp_block span.title {
  display: block;
  font-size: 1.25em;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #c1baba;
}

.pkp_block.archive_by_year > span.title {
  font-size: 1.15em;
}

.pkp_block ul li {
  border: 0;
}

/* tab issue on index journal, journal index, journalIndex*/
.pkp_page_index .issue_tab li svg.icon {
  width: 18px;
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin-top: -1px;
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.issue_tab_container {
  padding-bottom: 18px;
}

.issue_tab .current_issue .page-header,
.upcoming_issue .page-header {
  border: 0;
}

.issue_tab .page-header h2 {
  font-size: 1.4em;
}

.issue_tab .section h2 {
  font-size: 1.3em;
}

.current_issue_title.lead,
.upcoming_issue_title.lead {
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.current_issue ul,
ul._linksgalleys {
  padding-left: 0;
}

.current_issue ul.cmp_article_list.articles li,
ul.galleys_links li {
  list-style-type: none;
}

.current_issue .read-more {
  margin-top: 20px;
  float: right;
  clear: both;
}

.additional_content {
  clear: both;
}

/* article summary */
.__dimensions_badge_embed__ {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

ul.cmp_article_list {
  padding: 0;
}

ul.cmp_article_list li {
  list-style-type: none;
}

.obj_article_summary,
.section {
  clear: both;
}

.obj_article_summary {
  margin: 0 0 25px 0;
}

.obj_issue_toc .galleys {
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.section {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.pkp_page_issue .obj_issue_toc .galleys {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

.pkp_page_issue .obj_issue_toc .published {
  display: none;
}

.obj_issue_toc h2#issueTocGalleyLabel {
  font-size: 1.4em;
}

.article-summary .authors,
.article-summary .page,
.article-summary .article_statistic,
.article-summary .page_number {
  color: rgb(110, 110, 110);
}

.article-summary .cover img {
  width: 100%;
  box-shadow: 3px 2px 7px -7px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  border: 1px solid #efefef;
}

.article_statistic {
  font-size: 0.95em;
}

.cmp_notification.warning.alert.alert-info {
  background: #f9f9f9;
  border-color: #efeded;
  color: #d0780d;
  box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px -10px rgb(226 226 226 / 75%);
}

.article-summary .authors {
  font-size: 0.85em;
}

.article-summary svg {
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin-top: -2px;
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.article-summary .abstract_count {
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.article-summary a.galley-link,
ul.galleys_links li a {
  margin-right: 10px;
  border-radius: 5px !important;
  font-size: 0.72em;
  background-color: #005f73!important; /* Darker red on hover */
  color: white !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;

}

.pkp_page_article a.galley-link.btn.btn-primary,
.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button a {
  font-size: 0.72em;
}

div#customblock-SocialShare,
div#customblock-socialshare {
  padding: 5px 10px;
}

.social_share a {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin: 8px 0;
  padding: 10px;
  font-size: 0.85em;
}

.article-summary .article_stat,
.article-summary .pdf_count {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.article-summary h3 {
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.article-summary .page_number {
  font-size: 0.85em;
}

.obj_article_summary h3.title {
  font-size: 1.13em;
}

.article-summary .doi_container {
  margin-top: 7px;
  text-align: right;
  padding-right: 10px;
}

.article-summary .doi_link {
  background-size: 14px !important;
  height: 20px !important;
  background: url(../images/DOI_logo.svg) no-repeat center left;
  padding: 5px 0 5px 19px;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  color: #5379a9;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.orcid a {
  background-size: 14px !important;
  height: 20px !important;
  background: url(../images/orcid_logo.svg) no-repeat center left;
  padding: 5px 0 5px 19px;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  color: #5379a9;
  text-decoration: none;
}

a.orcid_link {
  background-size: 14px !important;
  height: 20px !important;
  background: url(../images/orcid_logo.svg) no-repeat center left;
  padding: 7px 0 5px 19px;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  color: #5379a9;
  text-decoration: none;
}

small.categories {
  padding: 3px 5px;
  margin: 0 5px 10px 0;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  border-radius: 2px;
  box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
}

small.categories a {
  color: #fffdfd; 
}

small.categories {
  background: #005f87 !important;
}


.obj_article_summary ul.galleys_links {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.obj_article_summary ul.galleys_links li {
  margin-top: 10px !important;
  display: inline;
  margin-right: 10px;
}

a.galley-link.btn-primary:hover {
  color: white;
}

.obj_article_summary .authors {
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

/* page search */

fieldset .search_advanced {
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.search_advanced label {
  color: black;
  font-size: 1em;
}

.search_advanced .from {
  margin: 10px 0;
}

.search-advanced select {
  height: 27px;
  border: 1px solid #dadada;
  border-radius: 5px;
  min-width: 80px;
}

/* footer */
footer[role="contentinfo"] {
  background: transparent;
  margin-top: 0;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
}

footer .container {
  border: 1px solid white;
  border-top: 0;
  /* box-shadow: -2px 4px 18px -10px rgb(39 39 136 / 75%); */
  box-shadow: 0px -1px 5px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  background: #004176;


}

footer h4 {
  color: white;
}

footer .copyright-wrapper {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 0.75em;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  color: #8a8787;
}

/* Block */
#customblock-LeftMenu,
#customblock-LeftColumnStart {
  display: none;
}

/* sidebarMenu */
#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item {
  padding: 13px 10px;
  margin: 0 0;
  font-size: 1.1em;
}

p.menu_item .fa {
  color: #ff9244;
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item:last-child,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item:last-child {
  border: 0;
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #f4f4f5;
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item:hover,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p.menu_item:hover {
  margin-right: 8px;
  box-shadow: -1px 0px 2px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  background: linear-gradient(
    to right,
    rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%,
    rgba(246, 246, 246, 1) 67%,
    rgb(255 255 255) 100%
  );
}

#customblock-SidebarMenu p .fa,
#customblock-sidebarmenu p .fa {
  margin-right: 8px;
}

/* end sidebar */

/* SocialShare Block */
div#customblock-SocialShare div.btn,
div#customblock-socialshare div.btn {
  display: block;
  margin: 10px;
  padding: 10px;
  font-size: 0.84em;
}

/* end SocialShare Block */

/* Annoucmenet Block  */
#customblock-Announcement article.announcement-summary.media,
#customblock-announcement article.announcement-summary.media {
  padding: 10px 10px 0;
  margin-top: 0;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

#customblock-Announcement article.announcement-summary.media p,
#customblock-announcement article.announcement-summary.media p {
  text-align: justify;
}

#customblock-Announcement article.announcement-summary.media p.date,
#customblock-announcement article.announcement-summary.media p.date {
  color: #6f6f6f;
  margin-bottom: 4px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

#customblock-Announcement article.announcement-summary.media .fa-calendar,
#customblock-announcement article.announcement-summary.media .fa-calendar {
  margin-right: 10px;
}

/* end Annoucement block */

/* EditorialBoard Block */
#customblock-EditorialBoard h4,
#customblock-editorialboard h4 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #dad8d8;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  padding-left: 0;
  margin: 0px 10px 2px;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: bold;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard section:nth-of-type(1),
div#customblock-editorialboard section:nth-of-type(1) {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard .content,
div#customblock-editorialboard .content {
  padding: 2px 2px 21px 2px;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard h2,
div#customblock-editorialboard h2 {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  padding: 13px;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard section,
div#customblock-editorialboard section {
  padding: 10px 0;
}

div#customblock-EditorialBoard li,
div#customblock-editorialboard li {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* end EditorialBoard */

/* keyword cloud */
.btn:focus {
  outline: none !important;
}

div#tagcloud {
  padding: 15px;
  background: white;
}

.block_Keywordcloud .prev_next {
  margin-right: 10px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
}

.block_Keywordcloud .btn {
  border-color: #f1f1f1;
  box-shadow: none;
  background: transparent;
  color: rgb(214, 126, 10);
}

#tagcloud a:hover {
  text-shadow: 1px 0px 1px #8a8989;
}

/* JournalImpact  */
#customblock-JournalImpact p {
  text-align: center;
}

/* Most Read Improved credit to Anjygna */
.block_most_read li.most_read_article {
  margin: 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #dad8d8;
  padding: 10px 0;
}

.block_most_read .info {
  padding: 5px 0;
}

.most_read_author .fa-user {
  color: #efa64c;
  margin-right: 5px;
}

.block_most_read .stat svg {
  float: left;
  margin-right: 10px;
}

.block_most_read .stat .number,
.most_read_author,
.most_read_date {
  font-size: 12px;
  color: rgb(77, 76, 76);
}

a:hover {
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* color */

.btn-primary,
.btn-default {
  background: transparent;
  font-size: 0.8em;
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 5px -4px rgb(11 71 247 / 75%);
  padding: 8px 20px;
}

.btn-primary.galley-link {
  padding: 7px 10px;
}

.navbar-form .btn-default {
  background: white;
  color: black;
  font-size: 0.85em;
  padding: 7px 20px;
  border: 0;
}

.pkp_page_search .input-group .btn-default {
  font-size: 14px;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.obj_article_summary .btn-primary {
  box-shadow: 1px 1px 0px 0px rgb(11 71 247 / 75%);
}

.btn-primary:hover {
  border-color: rgb(204, 225, 245);
  text-shadow: none;
}

/* #customblock-SidebarMenu p.menu_item a { color: #8686f5 ;} */
/* #customblock-SidebarMenu p a:hover { color: #4c4ce9; text-shadow: 0px 0px 2px #9c9595;} */

/* Article details */

/* .pkp_page_article aside#right {  

} */

.pkp_page_article .page-header {
  border: 0;
  font-size: 1.5em;
  color: #494f65;
  text-shadow: 2px 2px #f1f1f1;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.pkp_page_article .cover-image img {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.pkp_page_article .downloads_chart {
  background: white;
  text-align: center;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_sidebar_stat {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding: 0 10px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  background: white;
  padding: 10px 10px 30px;
}

.pkp_page_article .downloads_chart h3.label {
  color: #504e4e;
  line-height: 3;
  font-size: 1.1em;
}

.pkp_page_article .downloads_chart canvas {
  margin-left: -8px;
  font-size: 12px;
}

.pkp_page_article .panel-default > .panel-heading {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.csl-bib-body {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.download_citation {
  padding: 10px 5px;
}

.download_citation a.dropdown-item {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title {
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #dad8d8;
  margin: 0 0px 8px;
}

.pkp_page_article .author_section {
  font-size: 0.9em;
  color: grey;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button {
  text-align: right;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button .fa {
  margin-right: 10px;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button a {
  border: 1px solid #f9bd5a;
  padding: 8px 15px 8px 10px;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .share-button a:hover {
  color: white;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title div {
  padding: 0;
}

/* .pkp_page_article .download { margin: 20px 0;} */
.pkp_page_article a.galley-link.btn.btn-primary,
.share-button a.btn {
  display: inline;
  margin: 0px 0px 0 0;
  padding: 8px 15px;
  background-color: #005f73!important; /* Darker red on hover */
  color: white !important;
  text-decoration: none !important;
}

.share-button a.btn,
#share_article a.btn {
  border: 1px solid rgb(255 194 124);
  color: rgb(241 80 19);
  box-shadow: 2px 3px 5px -4px rgb(11 71 247 / 75%);
  font-size: 0.8em;
}

.share-button a.btn:hover,
.share-button a.btn:active,
#share_article a.btn:hover,
#share_article a.btn:active {
  border: 1px solid rgb(233, 101, 13);
  color: rgb(114, 67, 5);
  background-color: white;
  outline-color: grey;
  outline-width: 1px;
}

#share_article {
  padding: 10px;
}

#share_article a.btn {
  width: 95%;
  padding: 10px;
}

#share_article .sharepopover {
  text-align: center;
}

.pkp_page_article h1 {
  font-size: 1.6em;
  margin: 0;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_content {
  margin-top: 10px;
  display: block;
  clear: both;
}

.pkp_page_article .tabbed_section {
  clear: both;
}

.pkp_page_article .article-abstract,
.obj_issue_toc .description,
.pkp_page_about {
  text-align: justify;
}

jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjb .pkp_page_article .date-list div {
  padding: 0;
}

.pkp_page_article .date-list li {
  display: inline;
  width: 150px;
}

.keywords .item {
  margin: 10px 0 40px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.view_counter {
  padding-right: 10px;
}

.view_counter svg {
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin-top: -2px;
}

.view_counter .number {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.list_of_keyword li {
  border: 1px solid #efefef;
  padding: 5px 8px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  margin-right: 10px;
  color: grey;
  box-shadow: 8px 9px 5px -13px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);
  display: inline-block;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
  padding: 7px 10px;
  background: #ffffff;
  list-style: none;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.article-references-content br {
  content: "";
  margin: 4em;
  display: block;
  font-size: 25%;
}

.pkp_page_article .article_title .doi {
  background-size: 14px !important;
  /* height: 30px !important; */
  background: url(../images/DOI_logo.svg) no-repeat top left;
  padding: 0px 0 5px 20px;
  font-size: 0.85em;
  color: #5379a9;
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs_catalog {
  margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs_catalog ol {
  padding: 8px 8px 8px 15px;
  background: #f5f5f5;
}

.cmp_breadcrumbs_catalog li {
  list-style: none;
  display: inline;
}

/* Tabs panel */
.tabbed_section svg {
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin: -2px 5px 0 0;
}

.tabbed_section li .fa {
  margin: 0 5px 0 0;
}

.tabbable-panel {
  padding: 10px;
}

/* Default mode */
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs {
  border: none;
  margin: 0px;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li {
  margin-right: 2px;
  opacity: 0.68;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.active {
  opacity: 1;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li > a {
  border: 0;
  margin-right: 0;
  color: #737373;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li > a > i {
  color: #a6a6a6;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.open,
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li:hover {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.open > a,
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li:hover > a {
  border: 0;
  background: none !important;
  color: #333333;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.open > a > i,
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li:hover > a > i {
  color: #a6a6a6;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.open .dropdown-menu,
.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li:hover .dropdown-menu {
  margin-top: 0px;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.active {
  position: relative;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.active > a {
  border: 0;
  color: #333333;
  margin-top: -4px;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li.active > a > i {
  color: #404040;
}

.tabbable-line > .tab-content {
  margin-top: -3px;
  background-color: #fff;
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid #eee;
  padding: 15px 0;
}

.portlet .tabbable-line > .tab-content {
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

/* Below tabs mode */

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .nav-tabs > li {
  border-top: 4px solid transparent;
}

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .nav-tabs > li > a {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .nav-tabs > li:hover {
  border-bottom: 0;
  border-top: 2px solid #fbcdcf;
}

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .nav-tabs > li.active {
  margin-bottom: -2px;
  border-bottom: 0;
  border-top: 2px solid #f3565d;
}

.tabbable-line.tabs-below > .tab-content {
  margin-top: -10px;
  border-top: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #eee;
  padding-bottom: 15px;
}

.tabbable-line > .nav-tabs > li > a > i.fa-user {
  color: #f19c33;
}

.archive_by_year .issue_list:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 20px !important;
}

.archive_by_year .fa {
  display: none;
}

.archive_by_year a {
  background: url(../images/tag.svg) top left no-repeat;
  padding-left: 25px;
  padding-top: 2px;
}

/* end tab panel */

/* jats  */
.XML_generated {
  text-align: justify;
  margin-top: 30px;
}

h2.full_articles {
  color: #e29914;
}

h3.article-section-title {
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: bold;
  margin: 20px 0 1px 0;
}

.pkp_page_article .modal-window {
  position: fixed;
  z-index: 1;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
  background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
  background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
  text-align: center;
}

.pkp_page_article .modal-content {
  margin: auto;
  margin-top: 8%;
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 20px;
  text-align: center;
  background: transparent;
  box-shadow: none;
  border: 0;
}

.pkp_page_article .modal-content p.caption span {
  color: white;
}

.modal-open .container-fluid,
.modal-open .container {
  -webkit-filter: blur(5px) grayscale(90%);
}

.pkp_page_article .modal-content .fa-2x {
  display: none;
}

/* single page jats */
main.jats_generate {
  margin-top: -40px;
}

.jatsParser__left-article-block {
  display: none;
}

.jatsParser__center-article-block {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100% !important;
  flex: 0 0 75% !important;
  text-align: justify;
}

h2.article-section-title {
  margin-top: 30px;
}

.page-header a.btn.btn-default.btn-xs {
  font-size: 0.5em;
  border: none;
  box-shadow: none;
}

/* toc */
.jats_toc .article_toc {
  background: white;
  margin-top: -8px;
}

.jats_toc .article_toc.is-sticky {
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.article_toc h2 {
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  text-align: center;
  border-bottom-color: #efefef;
  border-bottom-width: 1px;
  border-bottom-style: solid;
  color: rgb(47, 46, 43);
  font-size: 1.3em;
}

#article-navigation-menu-items .nav-link:before {
  content: " ";
  height: 12px;
  width: 12px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 7px;
  padding-top: 3px;
  border: 1px solid #000;
}

#article-navigation-menu-items a.active:before {
  background-color: #80bfff;
  color: #b8eff3;
  border: 1px solid #80bfff;
}

#article-navigation-menu-items .nav-link:before:visited {
  border: 1px solid rgb(231, 231, 231);
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar {
  border: none;
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar a {
  display: block;
  margin: 5px;
  color: #545050;
  padding: 3px 0;
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar a:hover {
  color: rgb(62, 62, 228);
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar a:visited {
  color: rgb(165, 165, 165);
}

.intraarticle-menu #article-navbar nav {
  padding-left: 10px;
}

#maintenance_container {
  background: #251722;
  height: 30px;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 999;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to bottom,
    rgb(66 4 61) 0%,
    rgb(70 9 46 / 70%) 100%
  );
}

/* share pop up */
.article_content {
  margin-top: 40px;
}

#shareModal .modal-content {
  background: white;
  display: block;
  text-align: left;
}

#shareModal h4 {
  color: grey;
  border-bottom: 1px dashed #e0e0e0;
  padding-left: 0;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: 1.1em;
}

#shareModal h4 svg {
  vertical-align: text-top;
  margin: -2px 5px 0 0;
}

#shareModal i.fa {
  width: 40px;
  font-size: 1.9em;
}

#shareModal a {
  margin-right: 15px;
}

#shareModal a.wa {
  color: green;
}

#shareModal a.fb {
  color: rgb(80, 60, 255);
}

#shareModal a.twitter {
  color: rgb(98, 171, 255);
}

#shareModal a.mail {
  color: rgb(189 48 81);
}

#shareModal a.telegram {
  color: rgb(34, 5, 199);
}

#shareModal a.mendeley {
  background: url("../images/mendeley.jpg") no-repeat;
  background-size: 25px !important;
  color: #860c0c;
  padding: 5px 0 5px 40px;
}

/* end share on article details page */

/* page about */
.contact_section > div {
  margin: 20px 0 30px 0;
}

.contact_section h3 {
  font-weight: bold;
}

.contact_section .label {
  color: rgb(63, 63, 63);
  padding: 0;
}

.label {
  color: rgb(77, 77, 77);
  padding: 0;
  margin-right: 20px;
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: normal;
}

.image-enlarge-link,
.download-image {
  display: none;
}

.pkp_page_article figure,
.pkp_page_article .figure,
figure .figure {
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  margin: 20px 0;
}

.pkp_page_article figure img,
.pkp_page_article .figure img {
  max-width: 98%;
  margin: auto;
}

.pkp_page_article figure p.caption,
.pkp_page_article .figure p.caption {
  text-align: center;
}

/* related article */
#related_articles small {
  color: #b3aeae;
  font-size: 0.6em;
}

/* refrence readmore  */

.article-references-content {
  padding-top: 15px;
  font-size: 0.9em;
}

.article-references .readmore_references {
  width: 100px !important;
  padding: 6px;
  float: right;
}

.article-references-content + [data-readmore-toggle],
.article-references-content[data-readmore] {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: 20px;
}

.article-references-content[data-readmore] {
  transition: height 1600ms;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.article-references ol {
  margin: -10px 0px 0px -10px;
}

body.rtl .article-references ol {
  margin-left: 5px;
}

.article-references ol li {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.article-references .btn-info,
.article-references .btn-info:active:focus {
  background: transparent;
  border-radius: 8px;
  color: #de7112;
  border: 1px solid rgb(255 198 160);
}

#scrollTop {
  position: fixed;
  bottom: 3%;
  right: 18%;
  display: none;
  border-radius: 17px;
  /* background: transparent; */
  border: 1px solid #e0d4d4;
  background: white;
  padding: 6px 10px;
  /* font-size: 0.8em; */
  color: #d47513;
}

button#scrollTop:focus {
  outline: none;
}

/* utilities */
.text-justify {
  text-align: justify;
}

.pkp_block.block_custom h2.title.pkp_screen_reader {
  display: none;
}

/* Plumx  */

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container-vertical.plx-no-print .pps-branding-top {
  padding: 10px 10px 30px;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container-vertical .pps-branding-top {
  padding: 10px 10px 30px;
}

.PlumX-Summary {
  background: white;
  margin-top: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 17px;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container,
.PlumX-Summary .pps-col.plx-usage,
.PlumX-Summary .pps-col.plx-citation,
.PlumX-Summary .pps-col.plx-capture,
.PlumX-Summary .pps-col.plx-plum {
  border: 0;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-cols {
  padding: 8px;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container-vertical.plx-no-print .pps-branding-top {
  border-bottom: 4px solid #eae4ea;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-container {
  float: unset !important;
}

.PlumX-Summary .pps-col-empty {
  border-top: unset !important;
}

.crossmark {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.crossmark {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

@media (min-width: 992px) {
  .pull-lg-right {
    float: right !important;
  }
}

span.previous-icon::after {
  content: "←";
}

span.next-icon::after {
  content: "→";
}

img,
video {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
}

#customblock-leftcolumnstart {
    display: none;
}

.sub_item.versions {
  margin-top: 7em;
}
.wos-publication-badge { min-height: 40px; display:block; }

.custom-journal-header {
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 1rem 0;
    max-width: 1260px;
    font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}

.custom-journal-title {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: #333;
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem 0;
    font-weight: bold;
    text-transform: uppercase; /* Makes text uppercase like your screenshot */
}

.custom-journal-meta-single-line {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #555;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.custom-journal-issn::after {
    content: " ";
    white-space: pre;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .custom-journal-meta-single-line {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 0.3rem;
    }
}


.custom-journal-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 25px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  background-color: #fff;
  font-family: 'Raleway', sans-serif ! important;
}

.custom-publisher-logo img {
  max-height: 70px;
  margin-right: 20px;
}

.custom-journal-info {
  flex: 2 1 300px;
  min-width: 280px;
}

.custom-journal-meta {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.custom-journal-meta a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: #333;
}

.custom-journal-meta a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.custom-journal-publisher {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #555;
}

.custom-journal-cover {
  flex: 1 1 200px;
  text-align: right;
}

.custom-journal-cover img {
  max-height: 160px;
  border: 1px solid #ccc;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.custom-journal-cover div {
  font-size: 14px;
  color: #222;
}

/* Responsive Adjustments */
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
  .custom-journal-header {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .custom-journal-cover {
    text-align: left;
    margin-top: 20px;
  }
}
.nav-bar {
      background: #9f1326;
      padding: 7px 20px;
      color: white;
      border: 0;
     
    }

    .nav-bar a {
      color: white;
      margin-right: 20px;
      text-decoration: none;
      font-weight: bold;
     
    }
.nav-bar {
    width: 1260px; /* Fixed width */
    margin: 0 auto; /* Center the bar */
}



/* ============================================
   ALL PAGES: MOVE SIDEBAR TO THE RIGHT
   ============================================ */

/* Sidebar floats to the right on all pages */
.pkp_structure_sidebar {
    float: right !important;
    width: 300px !important;   /* adjust 260–320px to taste */
}

/* Main content takes space on the left on all pages */
.pkp_structure_main {
    float: left !important;
    width: calc(100% - 300px) !important; /* 300px = sidebar width */
    max-width: calc(100% - 300px) !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
}
/* Hide Most Read / High Access block ONLY in the sidebar */
.pkp_structure_sidebar .pkp_block.block_most_read {
    display: none !important;
}


/* Leave space for the fixed widget on large screens */
@media (min-width: 992px) {
    #announcements_tab .announcements .container {
        padding-right: 340px; /* adjust to match widget width */
    }
}

/* ORCID button style fix */
#connect-orcid-button {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border: 1px solid #d1d5db;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: #ffffff;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0px;
}

#connect-orcid-button .orcid_button_container {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 10px;
}

#connect-orcid-button .orcid_icon {
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
}

/* remove old huge card wrapper */
#connect-orcid-button svg {
    max-width: 32px;
    max-height: 32px;
}

#connect-orcid-button:hover {
    border-color: #a6ce39;
}


/* ===== HIGHLIGHTS SECTION – FLAT LIKE JOURNAL PANEL ===== */

/* No special band behind it – just same background as page */
.home-highlights-section {
    background: transparent;
    padding: 10px 0 20px;
}

/* Align with other content width */
.home-highlights-wrapper {
    max-width: 1150px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Only one block – no multi-column grid look */
.home-highlights-grid {
    display: block;
}

/* Main highlight box – mimic normal journal info panel */
.home-highlight-card {
    background: #ffffff;
    border-radius: 14px;
  
    padding: 16px 18px 18px;
}

/* IMAGE on top, full width, same style as inner image of panels */
.home-highlight-card__image {
    margin: 0 0 12px 0;
    border-radius: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.home-highlight-card__image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    object-fit: cover;
}

/* Optional small label like “Call for Papers” */
.home-highlight-card__label {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    color: #6b7280;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

/* TITLE */
.home-highlight-card__title {
    margin: 0 0 4px;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #111827;
}

.home-highlight-card__title a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.home-highlight-card__title a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* TEXT */
.home-highlight-card__excerpt {
    margin: 0 0 10px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #4b5563;
}

/* READ MORE LINK (same blue as theme links) */
.home-highlight-card__link {
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #1d4ed8;
}

.home-highlight-card__link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Responsive – keep just one column, no change needed */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .home-highlights-grid {
        display: block;
    }
}

/* ===== Stop Animation of article title on the article detail page ===== */
.page_article .article_title .animatedParent,
.page_article .article_title .animated {
    animation: none !important;
    opacity: 1 !important;
    transform: none !important;
}
/* =========================================
   Editorial Masthead – Typography & Spacing
   ========================================= */

/* Bold the name */
.page_masthead .masthead-name {
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

/* Affiliation below name with spacing */
.page_masthead .masthead-affiliation {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: #6b7280;
    margin-top: 4px;
    margin-bottom: 14px; /* SPACE AFTER AFFILIATION */
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Space between list items */
.page_masthead .user_listing li {
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.adplugg-center {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  margin: 20px 0;
}
#adplugg-wrapper {
  margin: 20px 0;
}




.c-article-references__item {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 0.50rem;
}

.c-article-references__text {
  display: block;
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.c-article-references__links {
  display: block;
  text-align: right;
  font-size: 0.9em;
  margin-top: 0rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}


.c-article-references__links a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

@media print {
  .u-hide-print {
    display: none;
  }
}

/* =======================
   References Section - Minimal Number Styling Only
   ======================= */

/* Reference Number styling only */
.c-article-references__item {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 1.8rem;
}

.c-article-references__item::before {
    content: counter(reference-counter) ".";
    counter-increment: reference-counter;
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    color: #666;
    font-weight: normal;
    min-width: 1.5rem;
}

.article-references-content {
    counter-reset: reference-counter;
}



/* ===== Grid Layout ===== */

.custom-archive-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(340px, 1fr));
    gap: 25px;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.archive-volume-card {
    
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* ===== Header ===== */

.archive-volume-header {
    width: 100%;
    background: #f5f5f7;
    padding: 15px;
    border: none;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.archive-volume-header h3 {
    margin: 0;
    
    font-weight: 400;
}

/* ===== Body Animation ===== */

.archive-volume-body {
    overflow: hidden;
    max-height: 0;
    transition: max-height 0.35s ease;
    padding: 0 20px;
    background: #fff;
}

.archive-volume-card.open .archive-volume-body {
    padding: 15px 20px;
}

.archive-arrow {
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.archive-volume-card.open .archive-arrow {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

/* ===== Issue List ===== */

.archive-volume-body ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.archive-volume-body li {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.archive-volume-body a {
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #1f4fd6;
}

/* ===== Badges ===== */

.badge-open {
    background: #976500;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: opx;
    font-size: 12px;
}

.badge-sample {
    background: #1f4fd6;
    color: #fff;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 12px;
}



.subscribe-bar {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  background: #f3f5f7;
  padding: 25px 30px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  margin: 40px 0;
}

.subscribe-text h3 {
  margin: 0;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.subscribe-text p {
  margin: 5px 0 0;
  color: #555;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.subscribe-form {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
}

.subscribe-form input[type="email"] {
  padding: 12px 15px;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 6px 0 0 6px;
  min-width: 260px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.subscribe-form button {
  background: #1e5bb8;
  color: #fff;
  border: none;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border-radius: 0 6px 6px 0;
  font-weight: 600;
  cursor: pointer;
}