Power in Intercultural Education: "Education in Bolivia – from Oppression to Liberation"?
Abstract
In this article I will consider the discussion on the educational system in Bolivia. Education is a potentially powerful way of communication. The educational reform of 1994 was a radical reform making it possible for the Indigenous peoples to receive education in their native languages. Nevertheless the government of Evo Morales abolished it as soon as they were in position, starting the process of making a new law with the slogan "decolonizing the education". "Education is oppression or liberation", with these words in the spirit of Paulo Freire the president of the Bolivian senate Santos Ramirez answered when I asked him why the new Bolivian government wants to change the educational system.
Full text article
References
Albó, X. (2001) "Eso que llamamos interculturalidad" in"La encrucijada cultural. Anuario de Cosude" 2001. Ed. Xavier Albó et al., La Paz: Plural Editores.
Albó, X. y A. Anaya (2004) Niños alegres, libres, expresivos. La audacia de la educación intercultural bilingüe en Bolivia. La Paz:CIPCA y UNICEF.
Canessa, A. (2006) "Todos somos indígenas: Towards a New Language of National Political Identity" iin Bulletin of Latin American Research, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 241 – 263, 2006.
Congreso nacional de educación Resumen ejecutivo La Paz:2006.
http://www.cebiae.edu.bo/descargas/CNE_Anteproyecto_Ley.pdf
Constitución Política de la República de Bolivia (1967)
Comisión nacional de la nueva ley de educación boliviana. Proyecto de ley. Nueva ley de educación boliviana "Qvelino Siñani Elizardo Pérez" La Paz, septiembre de 2006. http://www.minedu.gov.bo/minedu/nley/nuevaley14sept.pdf
D’Emilio, L. (2001). Voices and ProsessesProcesses Toward Pluralism: Indigenous Education in BolviaBolivia. New Education Division Documents No. 9, Stockholm:SIDA. http://www.sida.se/sida/jsp/sida.jsp?d=118&a=2789&searchWords=Bolivia
Educabolivia 2007.12.05 http://www.minedu.gov.bo/minedu/start.do?notebook=1
Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultures and Organizations. Software of the Mind. Intercultural Cooperation and its Importance for Survival. London:Harper Collins Publishers.
INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, www.ine.gov.bo
Irarrázabal, D. (2000) Inculturación. Amanecer eclesial en America Latina. Iglesia, Pueblos y Culturas no 54-55, Quito:Abya Yala.
Larson, B. (2005). "Capturing Indian Bodies, Hearts, and Minds. The Gendered Politics of Rural School Reform in Bolivia, 1920s-1940s" in Andrew Canessa (ed) (2005). Natives making nation. Gender, Indigeneity, and the State in the Andes. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press.
La Razón: La Paz
05.0606.05.03 "En 100 días de gestión la tarea en educación fue alfabetizar."
07.0606.07.14 "Sólo 4 de cada 10 niños concluyen colegio y son sanos."
07.0606.07.15 "Fallido congreso educativo."
09.0606.09.26 "Maestros piden retroceder 12 años en el aula."
09.0606.09.27 "Nuevo proceso en la Reforma Educativa."
10.0606.10.20 "7 de cada 10 bolivianos son mestizos."
01.0707.01.25 "Patzi pide a su sucesor dar continuidad a sus reformas."
02.07 "Alfabetizar es una condición para ascender."
06.0707.06.09 "Cajías es la Ministra de Educación."
LRE (1994) Ley de Reforma Educativa, LRE, www.minedu.gov.bo
Miller, D. (2006) "Multiculturalism and the welfare state: Theoretical reflections". In Banting K. and W. Kymlicka Multiculturalism and The Welfare State: Recognition and redistribution in contemporary democracies". Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Nueva Ley de la Educación Boliviana "Avelino Siñani y Elizardo Perez". Anteproyecto de ley. Documento consensuado y aprobado por el Congreso Nacional de Educación. Sucre, 10 al 15 de julio 2006. La Paz: Ministerio de Educación y Culturas.
Patzi Paco, F. (2000). "Etnofagia estatal. Modernas Formas de violencia simbólica (Una aproximación al análisis de la Reforma Educativa)" inen Suarez, Hugo José et al (2000). Bourdieu. Leído desde el sur. La Paz: Plural editores.
Zimmermann, K. (2003) ‘Lenguaje y comunicación intercultual: un enfoque iberoamericano’ in E. Gugenverger (ed.) Comunicación intercultural en América Latina: ¿Del conflicto al diálogo? Frankfurter am main: Peter Lang.
Informants:
Bazurco, Martin, Bolivian anthropologist, lives in La Paz. Interview 2006.
Machaca Guido, Bolivian Quechua speaker, lecturer at Educación Intercultural Bilingüe, Cochabamba. Interview 2007.
Tellez, W. G., lieder of Alfalit, literacy organisation, in the department of Chuquizaca, in a speech 25.02.0505.02.25.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2007 Live Danbolt Drange
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal provides immediate and free open access to all its content and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This means readers are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, as long as proper attribution is given. This policy is consistent with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access.