Acculturation challenges that confront Sudanese former refugees in Australia

Aparna Girish Hebbani (1) , Levi Obijiofor (2) , Helen Bristed (3)
1. School of Journalism and Communication University of Queensland
2. School of Journalism and Communication University of Queensland
3. School of Journalism and Communication University of Queensland

Abstract

This study investigated acculturation challenges that Sudanese former refugees faced as a consequence of settling in South-East Queensland, Australia.  A total of 28 females and 11 males participated in focus groups. The findings indicate that both women and men face acculturation issues relating to successful settlement.  The women were particularly challenged by low English language proficiency and parenting issues, while the men faced challenges to their traditional gender role within the family, as breadwinner, and their role outside the home - at work and in the public sphere.  Thus, the research offers important insights into acculturation issues faced by both genders

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Bagnall, D. (2006, November 4). Out of Africa. Bulletin with Newsweek, 124 (6515). Google Scholar | WorldCat

Berry, J.W. (1997). Immigration, acculturation, and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46(1), 5-68. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Berry, J.W. (2003). Conceptual approaches to acculturation. In K.Chun, P. Balls Organista & G. Marin (Eds). Acculturation: Advances in Theory and Measurement. (pp. 17-37). American Psychological Association: Washington. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Berry, J. W., & Sabatier, C. (2010). Acculturation, discrimination, and adaptation among second generation immigrant youth in Montreal and Paris. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(3), 191-207. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Bloch, A. (1999). Carrying out a survey of refugees: Some methodological considerations and guidelines. Journal of Refugee Studies, 12(4), 367-383. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Burgoyne, U., & Hull, O. (2007). Classroom management strategies to address the needs of Sudanese refugee learners: Support document – methodology and literature review. Australian Government: Canberra. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Colic-Peisker, V., & Tilbury, F. (2003). "Active" and "passive" resettlement: The influence of support services and refugees’ own resources on resettlement style. International Migration, 41(5), 61-91. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Colic-Peisker, V., & Walker, I. (2003). Human capital, acculturation and social identity: Bosnian refugees in Australia. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 13, 337-360. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Colic-Peisker, V. (2009). Visibility, settlement success and life satisfaction in three refugee communities in Australia. Ethnicities, 9(2), 175-199. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Coughlan, R., & Owens-Manley, J. (2005). Surviving war, starting over: Adaptation of Bosnian Refugees in Upstate New York. In P. Waxman & V. Colic-Peisker (Eds.). Homeland Wanted: Interdisciplinary perspectives on refugee resettlement in the west. (pp. 127-145). Nova Science Publishers, Inc.: New York. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Deng, J. (2010, June 11). Sudanese community profile in Queensland [PowerPoint Slides]. Lecture presented in Goodna, QLD. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Department of Communities (2008). New Futures: The Queensland government’s engagement with African refugees. Queensland Government: Brisbane. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Department of Immigration and Citizenship (2008). Settler arrivals 1997-98 to 2007-08 Australia States and territories. Retrieved November 25, 2008 from: http://www.immi.gov.au/media/publications/statistics/settler-arrivals/settler_arrivals0708.pdf Google Scholar | WorldCat

Eagly, A. (1987) Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation, Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Ebbeck, M., & Dela Cerna, C. (2006). A study of child rearing practices amongst selected Sudanese families in South Australia: Implications for child care service selection. Early Childhood Journal. Retrieved August 27, 2008, from: http://www.springerlink.com/content/xq50765w25236607/fulltext.html Google Scholar | WorldCat

Farouque, F., Petrie, A., & Miletic, D. (2007, October 2). Minister cuts African refugee intake. Retrieved December 9, 2009 from http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2007/10/01/1191091031242.html Google Scholar | WorldCat

Giles, H., Coupland, J. & Coupland, N. (eds.). (1991). Contexts of accommodation: Developments in applied sociolinguistics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Glanville, B. (2007, January 16). Refugee settlement program grows in Toowoomba [Television broadcast]. Sydney: 7:30 Report Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Goodwin, R. (1999). Personal relationships across cultures. New York: Routledge. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Hall, E. (1977). Beyond culture. Garden City, NY: Anchor Press. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Hatoss, A., & Sheely, T. (2009). Language maintenance and identity among Sudanese- Australian refugee-background youth. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 30(2), 127-144. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Hebbani, A., Obijiofor, L., & Bristed, H. (2009). Generational differences faced by Sudanese refugee women settling in Australia. Intercultural Communication Studies, 18(1), 66-82. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Hebbani, A., Obijiofor, L. & Bristed, H. (2010). Intercultural communication challenges confronting female Sudanese former refugees in Australia. Australasian Review of African Studies, 31(1), 37-61. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Hofstede, G. (1994). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. London: Harper-Collins. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Hofstede, G., & Hofstede, G.J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw Hill. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Jacobsen, K. (2006). Refugees and asylum seekers in urban areas: A livelihoods perspective. Journal of Refugee Studies, 19(3), 273-286. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Journalism in Multicultural Australia (2005). Reporting on immigrant communities– Sudanese immigrants in two regional centres. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from http://www.reportingdiversity.org.au/cs_two.html Google Scholar | WorldCat

Khawaja, N., White, K., & Schweitzer, R. (2008). Difficulties and coping strategies of Sudanese refugees: A qualitative approach. Transcultural Psychiatry, 45(3), 489-512. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Kim, Y. (2001). Becoming intercultural: An integrative theory of communication and cross-cultural adaptation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Kim, Y. Y. (2005). Inquiry in intercultural and development communication. Journal of Communication, 55(3), 554-577. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Lindsey, L. (2005). Gender roles: A sociological perspective (4th ed.). Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Google Scholar | WorldCat

McMichael, C, Gifford, S. M., & Correa-Velez, I. (2010). Negotiating family, navigating resettlement: family connectedness among resettled youth with refugee backgrounds living in Melbourne, Australia. Journal of Youth Studies, 2010, 1-17, iFirst article. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Miles, M. & Huberman, A. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: A sourcebook of new methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Ng, S.H., He, A., & Loong, C.S.F. (2004). Tri-generational family conversations: Communication accommodation and brokering. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43, 449-464. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Phinney, J. S. & Devich-Navarro, M. (1997). Variations in bicultural identification among African American and Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 7, 3-32. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Poppitt, G., & Frey, R. (2007). Sudanese adolescent refugees: Acculturation and acculturative stress. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 17(2), 160-181. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Preston, C. (1996). The Dinka of the Southern Sudan: A cross cultural study. Retrieved December 5, 2009, from http://www.ptc.nsw.edu.au/scansw/dinka.htm Google Scholar | WorldCat

Refugee Council of Australia (2008). Australia’s Refugee and Humanitarian Program: Community views on current challenges and future directions. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from http://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/docs/resources/submissions/2008- 09_intakesub.pdf Google Scholar | WorldCat

Roberts, G. (2005, July 23). Refugees from Africa focus of hate campaign. Weekend Australian, p. 6. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Semlak, J., Pearson, J., Amundson, N., & Kudak, A. (2008). Navigating dialectic contradictions experienced by female African refugees during cross-cultural adaptation. Journal of Intercultural Communication Research, 37(1), 43-64. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Swan, S., & Wyer, R. (1997). Gender stereotypes and social identity: How being in the minority affects judgments of self and others. Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, 23, 1265. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel, & W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson- Hall. Google Scholar | WorldCat

The Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture (2007). Raising children in Australia: A resource kit for early childhood services working with parent from African backgrounds. Australian Government: Victoria. Google Scholar | WorldCat

The Victorian Foundation for Survivors of Torture (2005). Education and refugee students from Southern Sudan. Australian Government: Victoria. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Upham, L., & Martin, M. (2005, May). Understanding Toowoomba’s diversity. Toowoomba, Australia: Lucid Consulting. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Wal, N. (2004). Southern Sudanese culture. Retrieved December 7, 2009, from http://www.miceastmelbourne.com.au/documents/SouthernSudaneseCrossCulturalTrainingReport.pdf Google Scholar | WorldCat

Westoby, P. (2005). Sudanese refugee narratives of distress within the Sudanese community of Brisbane and Logan. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:34513 Google Scholar | WorldCat

Westoby, P. (2006). The sociality of healing engaging Southern Sudanese refugees resettling in an Australian context – a model of social healing. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Wood, J. (2005). Gendered lives: Communication, gender, and culture. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Authors

Aparna Girish Hebbani
(Primary Contact)
Levi Obijiofor
Helen Bristed
Author Biographies

Aparna Girish Hebbani

Dr. Aparna Hebbani is a Lecturer in the School of Journalism and Communication at the University of Queensland. She is an intercultural communication scholar whose research interests lie in examining issues surrounding refugee acculturation, employment, and family communication; representations of refugees in Australian media; using media to empower refugee communities.

Levi Obijiofor

Dr. Levi Obijiofor is a Senior Lecturer in Journalism at the School of Journalism and Communication, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. He teaches postgraduate and undergraduate courses in journalism and communication and has successfully supervised PhD, Masters and Honours students. Levi was at various times Sub-Editor, Production Editor and Night Editor at The Guardian newspapers in Lagos, Nigeria. Between March 1995 and May 1996, he worked in the Division of Studies and Programming (BPE/BP) at the Paris headquarters of UNESCO where he edited the bulletin FUTURESCO and also coordinated the future-oriented studies program.

Helen Bristed

Helen Bristed (BA, University of Queensland) is a senior research assistant in the Research Centre for Population and Community Health. Helen’s areas of interest include intercultural communication, migrant health, social determinants of health, transport disadvantage, and sensory ethnography and go-along interview methodology.

Hebbani, A. G., Obijiofor , L., & Bristed, H. (2012). Acculturation challenges that confront Sudanese former refugees in Australia. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 12(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v12i1.581

Article Details

How to Cite

Hebbani, A. G., Obijiofor , L., & Bristed, H. (2012). Acculturation challenges that confront Sudanese former refugees in Australia. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 12(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v12i1.581