"I’ve learned so much": befrienders’ experiences of befriending minority ethnic young people
Abstract
Befriending is commonly regarded as a purposive form of relationship designed to benefit the befriendee. Little research has examined experiences of befrienders. We report findings from a study of the experiences of volunteer befrienders to children and young people from minority ethnic backgrounds. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 volunteers. Participants described benefits of the relationships, acceptance by befriendees’ families, and social links and cultural factors relevant to the relationships. Befriending relationships should be viewed as more reciprocal than is often assumed. The mutual construction of meanings, and reciprocal outcomes, suggests that such relationships can engender positive intergroup relations.
Full text article
References
Aboud, F.E., Mendelson, M.J., Purdy, K.T., & Frome, M. (2003). Cross-race peer relations and friendship quality. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 165-173.
Allport, G.W. (1954/1979).. The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Andrews, G.J., Gavin, N., Begley, S., & Brodie, D. (2003). Assisting friendships, combating loneliness: users’ views’ on a ‘befriending’ scheme. Ageing & Society, 23, 349-362.
Boulton, M.J., Trueman, M., Chau, C., Whitehand, C., & Amatya, K. (1999). Concurrent and longitudinal links between friendship and peer victimization: implications for befriending interventions. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 461-466.
Bradshaw, T., & Haddock, G. (1998).. Is befriending by trained volunteers of value to people suffering from long-term mental illness? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 27, 713-720.
Bullock, J.R., & Osborne, S.S. (1999). Seniors’, volunteers’, and families’ perspectives of an intergenerational program in a rural community. Educational Gerontology, 25, 237-251.
Charmaz, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: a practical guide through qualitative analysis. London: Sage.
Closs, A., Stead, J., Arshad, R., & Norris, C. (2001). School peer relationships of ‘minority’ children in Scotland. Child: Care, health and development, 27, 133-148.
Cox, A.D. (1993). Befriending young mothers. British Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 6-18.
Dean J., & Goodlad R. (1998). Supporting community participation: The role and impact of befriending. Brighton: Pavilion Publishing & Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Duck, S.W. (1994). Meaningful relationships: Talking, sense and relating. London & Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Glaser, B.G., & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory. Chicago: Aldine.
Harris, T., Brown, G.W., & Robinson, R. (1999). Befriending as an intervention for chronic depression among women in an inner city I: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 174, 219-224.
Menesini, E., Codecasa, E., Benelli, B., & Cowie, H. (2003). Enhancing children’s responsibility to take action against bullying: Evaluation of a befriending intervention in Italian middle schools. Aggressive Behavior, 29, 1-14.
Pettigrew, T.F. & Tropp, L.R. (2000). Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Recent meta-analytic findings. In S. Oskamp (Ed.) Reducing prejudice and discrimination: The Claremont symposium on applied social psychology (pp. 93-114). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Pettigrew, T.F. & Tropp, L.R. (2006). A meta-analytic test of intergroup contact theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 751-783.
Scottish Executive (2003). Annual Expenditure Report of the Scottish Executive, The Scottish Budget 2003-04. Available on-line at
http://www.scotland.gov.uk/library5/finance/aesed.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2008.
Shih, T.A. (1998).. Finding the niche – friendship formation of immigrant adolescents. Youth & Society, 30, 209-240.
Shotter, J. (1992). What is a ‘personal’ relationship? A rhetorical-responsive account of ‘unfinished business’. In J.H. Harvey, T.L. Orbuch & A.L. Weber (Eds.) Attributions, accounts and close relationships (pp. 19-39). New York: Springer-Verlag.
Stephan, C.W., Renfro, L., & Stephan, W.G. (2004). The evaluation of intergroup relations programmes: Techniques and a meta-analysis. In W.G. Stephan & W.P. Vogt (Eds.), Learning together: Intergroup relations programs. New York: Teachers College Press.
Stephan, C.W., & Stephan, W.G. (2004). Intergroup relations in multicultural education programs. In J.A. Banks & C. McGee-Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education. New York: Jossey-Bass.
Stephan, W.G., & Stephan, C.W. (2005). Intergroup relations program evaluation. In J. Dovidio, P. Glick, & L.A. Rudman (Eds.), On the nature of prejudice: Fifty years after Allport. Oxford: Blackwell.
Taggart, A.V., Short, S.D., & Barclay, L. (2000). ‘She has made me feel human again’: an evaluation of a volunteer home-based visiting project for mothers. Health & Social Care in the Community, 8, 1-8.
Verkuyten, M., & Brug, P. (2003). Educational performance and psychological disengagement among ethnic-minority and Dutch adolescents. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 164, 189-200.
Verkuyten, M., & Kinket, B. (2000). Social distances in a multi ethnic society: The ethnic hierarchy among Dutch preadolescents. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63, 75-85.
Verkuyten, M., & Thijs, J. (2004). Psychological disidentification with the academic domain among ethnic minority adolescents in The Netherlands. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 74, 109-125.
Zirkel, S. (2004). What will you think of me? Racial integration, peer relationships and achievement among white students and students of color. Journal of Social Issues, 60, 57-74.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2009 Chris McVittie, Karen Goodall, Yvette Barr

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal provides immediate and free open access to all its content and is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This means readers are permitted to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author, as long as proper attribution is given. This policy is consistent with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition of open access.