Running head: Minority language survival

Jaya Nagpal (1) , Elena Nicoladis (2)
1. Department of Psychology University of Alberta
2. Department of Psychology, University of Alberta - Canada

Abstract

We compared French speaking and South Asian (SA) immigrant families having preschool children in an English speaking region in Canada, with regard to the parents’ attitudes towards minority language (ML) maintenance, ML use at home, and exposure of children to ML media. Parents in both groups had positive attitudes about language maintenance, however, SA parents were less hopeful that their children would retain their ML and pass it on to their next generations. SA parents made less effort to communicate with their children in the ML and provided less ML media for children at home, in comparison to their French counterparts. We discuss the results with respect to the relative position and utility of maintaining these minority languages in Canada and how these factors might influence parents’ language choices.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Alba, R., Logan, J., Lutz, A., & Stults, B. (2002). Only English by the third generation? Loss and preservation of the mother tongue among the grandchildren of contemporary immigrants. Demography, 39 (3), 467 – 484. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Arnberg, L. (1987). Raising Children Bilingually: The Pre-school Years. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Aunger, E. A. (1999). Les communautés francophones de l’ouest: La survivance d’une minorité dispersée. In J. Y. Thériault (Ed.), Francophonies minoritaires au Canada: L’état des lieux (pp. 283-304). Moncton : Éditions d’Acadie. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Berry, J.W. (1992). Cost and benefits of multiculturalism: a social psychological analysis. In S. Hryniuk (ed.), Twenty Years of Multiculturalism: Successes and Failures (pp. 183 – 199). Winnipeg: St. John’s College Press. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Berry, J.W., & Kalin, R. (1995). Multicultural and ethnic attitudes in Canada: an overview of the 1991 national survey. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 27, 301 – 320. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Candian Educational Association (1991). Heritage language programs in Canadian School Boards. Toronto: Canadian Educational Association. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Castonguay, C. (1998). The fading cultural duality. In J. Edwards (Ed.) Language in Canada. NY: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | WorldCat

De Vries, J. (1994). Canada’s official language communities: an overview of the current demolinguistic situation, International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 105/106, 37 – 68. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Edwards, J. (Ed.) (1998). Language in Canada. NY: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Extra, G., & Verhoeven, L. (1999). (Eds.) Bilingualism and Migration. NY: Mouton de Gruyter. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Fishman, J.A. (1972). The Sociology of Language. Rowley, MA: Newbury. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Flege, J.E., Yeni-Komshian, G.H., & Liu, S. (1999). Age constraints on second-language acquisition. Journal of Memory and Language, 41, 78 – 104. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Glenn, C.L., & DeJong, E.J. (1996). Language Minority Children in School: A Comparative Study of Twelve Nations. NY: Garland. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Government of Canada. (1971). Statement to the House by the Prime Minister, 8 October 1971, in response to the recommendations of the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Book IV, The Cultural Contribution of the Other Ethnic Groups. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Hulsen, M., De Bot, K., & Weltens, B. (2002). "Between two worlds." Social networks, language shift, and language processing in three generations of Dutch migrants in New Zealand. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 153, 27 – 52. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Kalin, R. & Berry, J.W. (1995). Ethnic and civic self-identity in Canada: analysis of the 1974 and 1991 National Surveys. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 28, 1 – 16. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Kondo, K. (1998). Social-psychological factors affecting language maintenance: Interviews with Shin Nisei university students in Hawaii. Linguistics and Education, 9, 369 – 408. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Lao, C. (2004). Parents’ attitudes toward Chinese-English bilingual education and Chinese-language use. Bilingual Research Journal, 28 (1), 99 – 121. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Li, X. (1999). How can language minority parents help their children become bilingual in family context? A case study of a language minority mother and her daughter. Bilingual Research Journal, 23 (2/3), 113 – 124. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Lopez, D.E. (1996). Language, diversity and assimilation. In R. Waldinger, and M. Bozorgmehr (Eds.) Ethnic Los Angeles. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Google Scholar | WorldCat

McRae, K. (1998). Official bilingualism: From the 1960s to the 1990. In J. Edwards (Ed.) Language in Canada. NY: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Milroy, L. (1987). Language and Social Networks. 2nd Edition. Worcester: Billing & Sons. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Noels, K.A., & Clément, R. (1998). Language in education: Bridging educational policy and social-psychological research. In J. Edwards (Ed.) Language in Canada. NY: Cambridge University Press. Google Scholar | WorldCat

O’Bryan, K., Reitz, J., & Kuplowska, O. (1976). Non-official Languages: A Study of Canadian Multiculturalism. Ottawa: Supply and Services. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Park, S.M., & Sarkar, M. (2007). Parents’ attitudes toward heritage language maintenance for their children and their efforts to help their children maintain the heritage language: A case study of Korean-Canadian immigrants. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 20 (3), 223 – 235. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Patterson, J.L. (2002). Relationships of expressive vocabulary to frequency of reading and television experience among bilingual toddlers. Applied Psycholinguistics, 23, 493 – 508. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Portes, A., & Rumbaut. R. (2006). Immigrant America: A Potrait, 2nd Edition. Berkley: University of California Press. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Portes, A., & Hao, L. (1998). Bilingualism and loss of language in the second generation. Sociology of Education, 71, 269 – 294. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Stoessel, S. (2002). Investigating the role of social networks in language maintenance and shift. International Journal of Sociology of Language, 153, 93 – 131. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Statistics Canada. (2006). http://www.statcan.gc.ca/start-debut-eng.html. Retrieved on February, 1, 2009. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Tannenbaum, M., & Howie, P. (2002). The association between language maintenance and family relations: Chinese immigrant children in Australia. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23 (2), 408 – 424. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Tse, L. (2001). Resisting and reversing language shift: Heritage-language resilience among U.S. native biliterates. Havard Educational Review, 71 (4), 676 – 706. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Veltman, C. (1983). Language Shift in the United States. Berlin: Mouton. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Ward, C. (1996). Acculturation. Handbook of intercultural training (pp. 124 – 147). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Wong Fillmore, L. (1991). When learning a second language means losing the first. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 6, 323 – 346. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Wyatt-Brown, A.M. (1995). The psychological tasks of the immigrant: Psychoanalytic, linguistic, and literacy perspectives. The Psychohistory Review, 23, 235 – 257. Google Scholar | WorldCat

Authors

Jaya Nagpal
jnagpal@ualberta.ca (Primary Contact)
Elena Nicoladis
Author Biographies

Jaya Nagpal

Jaya Nagpal is a phd student in developmental psychology at the university of Alberta. She is interested in studying language socialization of children in immigrant families.

Elena Nicoladis

Dr. Elena Nicoladis is an associate professor in developmental psychology at the University of Alberta. She interested in studying how bilingual/bicultural children learn appropriate norms for their community as seen through their language use, particularly in the context of their family.

Nagpal, J., & Nicoladis, E. (2010). Running head: Minority language survival. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 10(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v10i3.510

Article Details

How to Cite

Nagpal, J., & Nicoladis, E. (2010). Running head: Minority language survival. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 10(3), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.36923/jicc.v10i3.510